This article, authored by Mehmet Altay Köymen, a prominent historian of the Seljuk period, provides a concise yet insightful analysis of the structure, functions, and political role of the military in the Sultanate of Rum. Drawing upon reliable historical sources, the author examines the army’s involvement in royal succession, internal power struggles between military elites and the sultans, and its decisive role in major battles such as Manzikert, Myriokephalon, and Yassıçemen. The study reveals that the Seljuk military not only ensured the political survival of the state but also played a key role in realizing the policy of unifying Anatolia under Seljuk rule and defending its borders. In addition to its political and strategic functions, the article explores the economic and social aspects of military life, including the iqṭāʿ system, the remuneration of soldiers, and the luxurious lifestyle of high-ranking emirs, thereby offering a comprehensive view of the military class within the state structure. While the article provides valuable historical data, it is also marked by the author’s strong nationalist perspective, especially in his attempts to distinguish a distinct "Turkish civilization" from the broader Islamic civilization—an approach that invites critical methodological reflection. Overall, the article not only contributes to our understanding of the Seljuk military apparatus but also serves as a potential model for future studies in medieval Iranian military history.